THE Sun Doctor

Dear Sun Doc My mom is 82 and I have noticed that she is having issues with her speech. I am not sure if this is normal aging or something is really wrong? Ludo

Dear Ludo It is important to look at some of the changes that occur in normal aging when considering potential communication problems. As we age, there are changes in our memory, speed of thinking and how we process information. Sensory losses in hearing and vision are also contributing factors. As we age, we tend to hesitate more often (using “um ...” “eh ...”), inserting more fillers in our conversational speech. We use more frequently indefinite words like “this,” “thing,” or “that.” This however, does not mean that language is a problem. Change does not equal decline. We are still as competent as ever in comprehending and expressing ourselves.

Some changes however, can be a presenting symptom, especially in Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases such as primary progressive aphasia. Getting a correct diagnosis is critical. Language involves speaking, comprehension, reading and writing; whereas speech is the motor act or production of the language. Not all areas may be affected. In Alzheimer’s disease there is a deterioration of many areas of cognitive function. These include memory, problem solving, social skills, and understanding and producing language. The common communication issue one sees in dementia is that the person may not find the right word. They may substitute the intended word (e.g., television) for another word (e.g., telephone), and they may have trouble finishing a sentence. Often, someone with dementia may lose their train of thought and may not be able to follow and comprehend conversations.

A person with dementia may also speak too much or too loudly, or at inappropriate times. They may repeat things or digress from the topic. Not all of this is related to the language issue itself, but these problems have an impact on communication. That said,ensure that your mom sees the doctor as a start! Whether typical or atypical aging, you can help your mother cope with the communication changes of her aging brain.